Bungalow A bungalow today is a residential building, normally detached, which is either single-story or has a second story built into a sloping roof, usually with dormer windows (one-and-a-half stories). Usually the buildings are relatively small, especially from recent decades,
Folk An imprecisetermforarchitectureintended to provideonlybasicsheltersuitableforthesurroundingterrainandclimate,with no pretense of followingcurrentstyles of architecture.Suchhouseswerebuiltusinglocalmaterialsandavailabletools,often by thepeoplewhoplanned to live in them.
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, Neo-Gothic or Jigsaw Gothic, and when used for school, college, and university buildings as Collegiate Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.
Italianate The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture. Italianate style is distinctive by its pronounced exaggeration of many Italian Renaissance characteristics: emphatic eaves supported by corbels, low-pitched roofs barely discernible from the ground, or even flat roofs with a wide projection. A tower is often incorporated hinting at the Italian belvedere or even campanile tower. Motifs drawn from the Italianate style were incorporated into the commercial builders' vocabulary, and appear in Victorian architecture dating from the mid-to-late 19th century.
Queen Anne Style In the United States, the so-called "Queen Anne style" is loosely
used of a wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance"
(non-Gothic Revival) details rather than of a specific formulaic style
in its own right. "Queen Anne", as an alternative both to the
French-derived Second Empire and the less "domestic" Beaux-Arts architecture,
is broadly applied to architecture, furniture and decorative arts of
the period 1880 to 1910; some "Queen Anne" architectural elements, such
as the wraparound front porch, continued to be found into the 1920s.
The gabled and domestically scaled, "Queen Anne" style arrived in New
York City with the new housing for the New York House and School of
Industry Sidney V. Stratton, architect, 1878). Distinctive features of American Queen Anne style (rooted in the English style) may include an asymmetrical façade; dominant front-facing gable, often cantilevered out beyond the plane of the wall below; overhanging eaves; round, square, or polygonal tower(s); shaped and Dutch gables; a porch covering part or all of the front facade, including the primary entrance area; a second-story porch or balconies; pedimented
porches; differing wall textures, such as patterned wood shingles
shaped into varying designs, including resembling fish scales, terra cotta tiles, relief panels, or wooden shingles over brickwork, etc.; dentils; classical columns; spindle work; oriel and bay windows; horizontal bands of leaded windows; monumental chimneys; painted balustrades; and wooden or slate roofs. Front gardens often had wooden fences.
Romanesque Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th centuryinspired by the 11th and 12th century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, however, Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts.
Stick-Eastlake The Stick style was a late-19th-century American architectural style. It served as the transition between the Carpenter Gothic style of the mid-19th century, and the Queen Anne style that it evolved into and superseded it by the 1890s.It is named after its use of linear "stickwork" (overlay board strips) on the outside walls to mimic an exposed half-timbered frame.
Vernacular Architecture Vernacular architecture is a category of architecture based on local needs, construction materials and reflecting local traditions.
It tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural, technological, economic, and historical context in which it exists. While often difficult to reconcile with regulatory and popular demands of the five factors mentioned, this kind of architecture still plays a role in architecture and design, especially in local branches.
Ronald Brunskill has defined the ultimate in vernacular architecture as: ...a building designed by an amateur without any training in design; the individual will have been guided by a series of conventions built up in his locality, paying little attention to what may be fashionable. The function of the building would be the dominant factor, aesthetic considerations, though present to some small degree, being quite minimal. Local materials would be used as a matter of course, other materials being chosen and imported quite exceptionally.
Victorian In the United States, 'Victorian' architecture generally describes styles that were most popular between 1860 and 1900. A list of these styles most commonly includes Second Empire (1855–85), Stick-Eastlake (1860–ca. 1890), Folk Victorian (1870-1910), Queen Anne (1880–1910), Richardsonian Romanesque (1880–1900), and Shingle (1880–1900). As in the United Kingdom, examples of Gothic Revival and Italianate continued to be constructed during this period, and are therefore sometimes called Victorian. Some historians classify the later years of Gothic Revival as a distinctive Victorian style named High Victorian Gothic. Stick-Eastlake, a manner of geometric, machine-cut decorating derived from Stick and Queen Anne, is also sometimes considered a distinct style. On the other hand, terms such as "Painted Ladies" or "gingerbread" may be used to describe certain Victorian buildings, but do not constitute a specific style.
ELEMENTS
Balustrades A balustrade is a row of repeating balusters - small posts that support the upper rail of a railing. Staircases and porches often have balustrades.
Cantilevered A projecting structure, such as a beam, that is supported at one end and that carries a load at the other end or along its length. Cantilevers are important structures in the design of bridges and cranes.
Cornice The decorative top edge of a building or column: a decorative strip of wood or some other material used at the top of the walls in a room.
Dentil In classical architecture a dentil (from Lat. dens, a tooth) is a small block used as a repeating ornament in the bedmould of a cornice.
Dormer Window A window that projects vertically from a sloping roof.
Eaves Eaves are the projecting edge of a sloping roof, which overhangs the face of the wall so as to throw off the water.
Facade The front of a building; also : any face of a building given special architectural treatment.
Gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a dual-pitchedroof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used (which is often related to climate and availability of materials) and aesthetic concerns. Thus the type of roof enclosing the volume dictates the shape of the gable.
Oriel Windows Supported by corbels, brackets or similar, an oriel window is most commonly found projecting from an upper floor but is also sometimes used on the ground floor.
Pediment A pediment is an element in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture, and derivatives therefrom, consisting of a gable, originally of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the entablature, typically supported by columns.
